Ventricular Septal Defects
Abstract Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) remain one of the commonest indications for surgery among infants and children with congenital heart disease. With advancements in echocardiography, there remains a very limited…
Coarctation of the Aorta
Abstract Coarctation of the aorta is a common form of congenital heart disease. Presentation, evaluation, and treatment of coarctation of the aorta is different in neonates and infants compared with…
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Abstract Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect that can exist as an isolated lesion or as a component part of many other congenital heart defects. A PDA…
Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Abstract Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs), also referred to as atrioventricular canal defects, endocardial cushion defects, and atrioventricular communis, represent a spectrum of congenital heart disease. They are characterized by a…
Vascular Rings and Pulmonary Artery Sling
Abstract Vascular rings and pulmonary artery sling refer to congenital anatomic anomalies of the great vessels that cause compression of the trachea and esophagus. Congenital tracheal stenosis and/or tracheomalacia is…
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Abstract: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVR) is a rare lesion with the pulmonary veins commonly connecting to a venous confluence that ultimately drains to the desaturated atrial chamber. Long-term…
Repair of Interrupted Aortic Arch With Ventricular Septal Defect
Abstract This chapter summarizes the anatomy, biology, pathophysiology, surgical treatment, and outcomes in patients with interrupted aortic arch and ventricular septal defect. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic assessment and surgical…
Initial Management and Stabilization: Emergency Department Transport
Abstract Infants and children with congenital and acquired heart disease frequently present with nonspecific complaints, and therefore it is essential to have a high index of suspicion for a cardiac…
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Abstract Cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates and infants poses significant unique risks that translate into postoperative management challenges. These challenges are best met when the intensivist understands the impact of cardiopulmonary…
Ventilators and Ventilator Strategies
Abstract Respiratory support for the child with critical heart disease remains one of the most important aspects of postoperative care. As devices have changed, so have the recommendations on how…
