Organic Nitrates Overview Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate [GTN]) was first synthesized in 1847 by Ascanio Sobrero, who described a “violent headache” upon self-administration of a “minute quantity” of the drug. A…
Heart failure is a growing public health problem. Over the past 2 decades, considerable advancement has occurred in the understanding of the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie the clinical syndrome…
Cardiovascular disease continues to be a major health problem, estimated to be responsible for about 30% of all global deaths. Currently, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in…
Introduction to Global Challenges in Cardiovascular Disease Therapy Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the single greatest cause of death worldwide. In 2004, CVD caused an estimated 17 million deaths and…
A system is an interconnected set of elements organized to achieve a function or purpose. A system of care is an interconnected care delivery system, usually in a geographically contiguous…
Interindividual variability of drug response has been well documented. In addition to drug-drug and drug-environment interactions, genetic factors have emerged as contributors to variability in response to several cardiovascular medications….
Overview Over the past 50 years, new medical devices and related innovations have contributed greatly to the decrease in deaths from cardiovascular causes. Indeed, cardiovascular device development has advanced dramatically…
Cardiovascular medicine has been in the vanguard of new therapeutic development since 1955, when President Dwight Eisenhower’s myocardial infarction (MI) in office captured worldwide attention. Many forces contribute to this…
Introduction The development of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation has revolutionized the practice of cardiology over the course of the past decades. However, despite considerable technological advancements, in-stent…
Patent Foramen Ovale Introduction A potential causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and stroke was first described by Cohnheim in 1877. In the last two decades several studies have…
