Benign Esophageal Disease
ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE There are two benign disease processes that may result in esophageal strictures: ▪ Extrinsic disease ▪ Intrinsic disease The etiology of these strictures may be elucidated based on…
Intermediate and Late Complications of Lung Transplantation
LUNG TRANSPLANT REJECTION Definitions ▪ Acute rejection: a rapid onset of worsening lung function, typically in the first year after transplant, often accompanied by radiographic deterioration with histologic appearance of…
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) ▪ Pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic pulmonary emboli ▪ Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) ▪ Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) DEFINITION Pulmonary hypertension and subsequent right-sided heart…
Transplant Immunology
INTRODUCTION ▪ The optimal treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure is transplantation. This is especially true for patients who are candidates for lung, heart, and heart-lung transplantation because no…
Staging of Lung Cancer
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Stage of disease ▪ TNM subsets ▪ Stage grouping ▪ cStage ▪ pStage ▪ rStage DEFINITIONS ▪ The stage of disease describes the anatomic extent of the cancer….
Other Neoplastic Lesions: Benign and Malignant
OTHER NEOPLASTIC LESIONS Introduction ▪ Histologically most cases of lung cancer are adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. ▪ If carcinoid and atypical carcinoid…
Initial Trauma Management
KEY WORDS ▪ Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) ▪ Rapid sequence intubation ▪ Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) INTRODUCTION ▪ Trauma is a public health issue and one of the leading…
Lung Transplantation: Perioperative Management and Early Complications
INTRODUCTION Lung transplantation has gained increased success over the past 20 years owing to improved surgical techniques, refinements in donor and recipient selection, and overall improved postoperative care of the…
Tube Thoracostomy
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Tube thoracostomy DEFINITION A thoracostomy tube refers to a drainage tube placed percutaneously into the pleural space for drainage of intrapleural air or fluid. HISTORY ▪ Hippocrates was…
Surgical Management of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Although there have been great strides in the biologic understanding of lung cancer, new chemotherapy agents, and new radiation modalities, such as Cyberknife, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for…
