Posterior Mediastinal Masses
TERMINOLOGY ▪ The posterior mediastinum is bounded by the pleura laterally and is posterior to the pericardium. It includes the thoracic spine and the paraspinal gutters. ANATOMY Depending on the…
Masses of the Anterior Mediastinum
MASSES OF THE THYMUS DEFINITIONS ▪ Lymphoid follicular thymic hyperplasia (autoimmune thymitis): Replacement of the thymic cortex with multiple lymphoid follicles and germinal centers. The tissue retains its shape but…
Pleural Effusions and Complications
DEFINITION The accumulation of pleural fluid due to an imbalance in hydrostatic and oncotic pressure or increased permeability. ETIOLOGY ▪ The pleural space exists between the parietal and visceral pleura….
Surgical Techniques and Options
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Donor ▪ Lung preservation ▪ Single lung transplantation ▪ Sequential bilateral lung transplantation ▪ Living donor (lobar) transplantation ▪ Heart-lung transplantation DONOR ▪ Twenty percent of otherwise suitable…
Masses of the Middle Mediastinum
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Amyloidosis ▪ Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy ▪ Angiomatous lymphoid hamartomas ▪ Azygos vein varix ▪ Benign mediastinal lymphadenopathy ▪ Bronchogenic cyst ▪ Castleman’s disease ▪ Chylous cysts ▪ Clear water…
Pneumothorax and Bronchopleural Fistula
PNEUMOTHORAX DEFINITIONS ▪ A pneumothorax is a condition in which air has entered and becomes entrapped within the pleural space. ▪ A spontaneous pneumothorax is either primary or secondary and…
Diaphragm Disorders: Paralysis, Hernia, Eventration
DIAPHRAGM PARALYSIS Functional Anatomy of the Diaphragm and Other Respiratory Muscles ▪ Primary inspiratory muscles are those respiratory muscles that are phasically recruited with each ventilatory effort, under resting conditions….
Pleural Masses
TYPES OF PLEURAL MASSES ▪ Mesothelioma ▪ Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura ▪ Other Rarer Pleural Masses ( Table 48-1 ) TABLE 48-1 ▪ Classification of Pleural Masses Benign…
Carcinoma of the Esophagus
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Carcinoma of the esophagus ▪ Esophageal cancer ▪ Esophageal malignancy INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION Carcinoma of the esophagus is a growing problem in the United States, where an estimated…
Clinical Features and Evaluation of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
TERMINOLOGY ▪ Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) ▪ Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) ▪ Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) DEFINITION CTEPH refers to a variant of secondary PAH characterized by chronic thromboembolic obstruction…
