Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
Objectives 1. Explain diffusion limitation and perfusion limitation and their importance in gas exchange 2. Apply Fick’s law to the alveolar–capillary surface. 3. Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon…
Ventilation ( V˙V˙ V ˙ ), Perfusion ( Q˙Q˙ Q ˙ ), and Their Relationships
Objectives 1. Describe the significance of a normal ventilation/perfusion ratio ( <SPAN role=presentation tabIndex=0 id=MathJax-Element-5-Frame class=MathJax style="POSITION: relative" data-mathml='V˙/Q˙’>V˙/Q˙˙V/˙Q V˙/Q˙ ˙V/˙Q V ˙ / Q ˙ ). 2. Characterize the…
The Pulmonary Circulation
Objectives 1. Describe the anatomy, function, physiology, and regulation of the two circulations in the lung. 2. Describe the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. 3. Explain pulmonary vascular resistance in…
Tests of Lung Function
Objectives 1. Describe lung volumes and their measurement using three methods. 2. Discuss the uses of spirometry in clinical practice. 3. Define the effort-dependent and effort-independent portions of the flow…
Mechanical Properties of the Lung and Chest Wall
Objectives 1. Describe static lung mechanics and the measurement of lung volumes. 2. Define lung compliance and its measurement. 3. Relate lung and chest wall compliance to lung volumes. 4….
Dynamic Lung Mechanics
Objectives 1. Describe how a pressure gradient is created. 2. Define airway resistance and its measurement. 3. Discuss three factors that contribute to or regulate airway resistance in health and…
Comprehensive, Real-Time Hemodynamic Monitoring and Data Acquisition: An Essential Component of the Development of Individualized Neonatal Intensive Care
Abstract Understanding the cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology in a neonate during transition and beyond requires the availability of objective data that reflect both systemic and regional blood flow and oxygen…
Assessment of Cardiac Output in Neonates: Techniques Using the Fick Principle, Indicator Dilution Technology, Doppler Ultrasound, Thoracic Electrical Impedance, and Arterial Pulse Contour Analysis
Abstract Appropriate monitoring of the cardiovascular system and thus the treatment of critically ill neonates with cardiovascular compromise hinges on the ability to monitor at least two of the three…
Hemodynamics in the Asphyxiated Neonate and Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia
Abstract Hypoxic-ischemic injury secondary to asphyxia is a common cause of brain injury in neonates, affecting 1 to 3 infants per 1000 live births. Infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic…
Cardiovascular Compromise in the Preterm Infant During the First Postnatal Day
Abstract The appropriate assessment and treatment of the very low birth weight infant with cardiovascular impairment or shock requires the clinician to obtain adequate information about the etiology and underlying…
