Key Points • Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with B-mode ultrasound is a noninvasive, sensitive, and highly reproducible technique for identifying and quantifying arterial injury and cardiovascular disease risk….
Key Points • The smoking of tobacco products increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. • The continued smoking of tobacco products in…
Key Points • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. • Women receive fewer preventive recommendations, such as lipid-lowering therapy, aspirin, and lifestyle…
Key Points • When TG levels are between 200 and 800 mg/dL, TG-rich particles are associated with the presence of small dense LDL, low levels of HDL-C, insulin resistance, and metabolic…
Key Points • Among patients with dyslipidemia, LDL-C is the primary target of therapy. LDL-C lowering reduces risk for CHD and its clinical sequelae, including unstable angina, ischemic stroke, myocardial…
Key Points • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates differ among diverse racial and ethnic groups in the United States. • The major cardiac risk factors are the same in all…
Key Points • Integrative medicine, which blends standard Western and nontraditional medical practices, is used by 38% of adults and 12% of children in the United States. • Placebo responses,…
Key Points • A primary focus of CVD prevention is LDL-C and blood pressure lowering and improvement of other cardiometabolic risk factors. • Current dietary guidelines for chronic disease prevention…
Key Points • Heart failure prevalence continues to rise in the United States and is projected to become worse with aging of the population. • Recent therapeutic advances in heart…
Key Points • Atherogenesis and contributing factors may be conceptualized in steps, including initiation of endothelial activation and inflammation, promotion of foam cell formation, progression of complex plaques, and precipitation…
