Atrial fibrillation and heart failure are common cardiovascular conditions that are intricately linked to each other, with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. These two conditions…
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmias in the world. Patients with AF also suffer from heart failure (HF). The relationship between AF and HF is…
In 1856, Carl Ludwig first described the intricate interdependence of end-diastolic volume and cardiac stroke volume: “A strong heart that is filled with blood empties itself more or less completely,…
Pericardial diseases are an interesting and diverse group of disorders, and their effects on cardiac physiology are complex and fascinating. A list of the causes of pericardial disease includes nearly…
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disorder characterized by the presence of excessive left ventricular thickness in the absence of conditions causing physiologic hypertrophy such as hypertension, valvular aortic stenosis,…
Selective coronary angiography is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the United States. Cardiologists who perform coronary angiography must be capable of promptly recognizing abnormalities in pressure waveforms…
Clinical decisions in patients with aortic valve disease depend on an accurate estimation of the severity of the valve lesion and an understanding of the spectrum of hemodynamic derangements associated…
The proper collection and interpretation of hemodynamic waveforms are important components of cardiac catheterization, yet they are often overshadowed by the more glamorous aspects of cardiology, such as angiography and…
As many as 85% of infants born with congenital heart disease can be expected to survive into adulthood. In the United States, the total number of adults with congenital heart…
Mitral valve disorders are among the most common valvular diseases with an increasing prevalence in the aging population. It is estimated that over 10% of patients over 75 years old…
