Key Points 1. Regardless of the level of complexity or invasiveness of the planned procedure, the perioperative considerations and the anesthetic approach to left ventricular assist device (LVAD)–supported patients are…
Key Points 1. Preoperative assessment of the cardiac patient undergoing noncardiac surgery includes risk assessment for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). 2. Categorizing risk for MACEs is dependent on patient…
Key Points 1. Perioperative triage should determine whether cardiac patients receive outpatient surgery, routine inpatient care, or critical care services. 2. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring may be required in high-risk patients…
Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator Sojin Y. Wass Mina K. Chung KEY POINTS Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) can detect and defibrillate ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, but are unable to protect against…
Emerging ECG Recording Technologies Stavros Stavrakis KEY POINTS A variety of handheld electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are available, all of which produce diagnostic quality lead I single-lead ECGs. Most of these…
Current and Future Needs of Ambulatory ECG Takanori Ikeda KEY POINTS In the last 10 years, remarkable progress has been seen in the ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG). When used for 24…
Vital Signs and Parameters Reflecting Heart Failure Status Kartik S. Telukuntla W. H. Wilson Tang KEY POINTS The most common reason for heart failure hospitalization is elevated intracardiac pressures. Wearable…
Understanding Technology and Equipment S. Suave Lobodzinski KEY POINTS Electrocardiogram (ECG) leads are the electrocardiographer’s electric windows into the heart’s electric activity, not wire-electrode assemblies. Torso modifications of limb leads…
Cybersecurity of Cardiac Wearable and Implantable Devices Jean-Philippe Couderc Alex Page Mark Manning KEY POINTS Cybersecurity in health care is a growing threat, with the cost of breaches estimated to…
Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy Jeremy W. Docekal Matthew Needleman Jonathan S. Steinberg KEY POINTS An ambulatory ECG (AECG) plays an important role in assessing the efficacy and safety of a…
