Thoracic Key

Normal variants CASE 11-1 Left atrial appendage TEE is often requested before electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation to evaluate the left atrial appendage for the presence of…

In addition to standard cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery, there now are several options for longer-term mechanical circulatory support ranging from a simple intraaortic balloon pump to a total artificial…

Aortic valve anatomy CASE 3-1a Normal trileaflet aortic valve Fig 3.1 Intraoperative TEE in a short-axis view (left) shows the closed aortic valve and the orientation of the three cusps:…

TABLE 6-1 Best Views for Assessing Tricuspid Valve ME four-chamber view With probe anteflexed, septal leaflet will be seen adjacent to interventricular septum, and anterior leaflet adjacent to right ventricular…

Normal mitral valve CASE 2-1 Normal mitral valve anatomy Fig 2.1 Anatomic view of the cardiac valves from the perspective of the base of the heart with the atria cut…

CASE 9-1 Pericardial effusion Examples of pericardial effusions seen on intraoperative TEE in several different patients are shown. Fig 9.1 From high transesophageal position, echo-free space is seen adjacent to…

CASE 8-1 Transplant for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy This 26-year-old woman with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and prolonged QT syndrome was referred for heart transplantation for low-output heart failure with clinical symptoms of fatigue…

Native valve endocarditis CASE 4-1 Aortic valve endocarditis This 39-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug use, uncontrolled diabetes, and chronic pancreatitis had recently undergone a 21-day course of…

Visualization of the coronary arteries and regional wall motion CASE 1-1 Normal coronary arteries Fig 1.1 In a magnified short-axis view of the aorta slightly cephalad to the valve plane,…