Introduction Although descriptions of congenitally malformed hearts date back more than 200 years, the field of pediatric cardiology began to rapidly change in the 1950s, when surgical interventions to treat…
Introduction The aortic arch, the arterial duct, and the right and left pulmonary arteries have a close spatial relationship with the major airways and the esophagus. Due to this close…
Introduction The complex interplay between the cardiovascular and renal systems has received significant clinical, translational, and basic research attention over the past 2 decades. In both the acute and chronic…
More than 90% of children born with congenitally malformed hearts now survive to adulthood, as a result of the spectacular achievements of pediatric cardiology and surgery over the past half-century….
Introduction Several fundamentals of perioperative care for shunt-dependent dual-distribution circulation (see Chapter 70 ) extend to transitional care from the intensive care unit and throughout the interstage period in an…
Key WordsCommon atrioventricular junction, trifoliate left atrioventricular valve, ostium primum defect, surgical correction, Down syndrome There is a group of lesions unified by the anatomic hallmark of a common…
Chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the persistence of valvar dysfunction following an episode of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) or ARF recurrence. Once the inflammatory markers normalize, any persistent valve…
Introduction Chronic heart failure has long been recognized as a cause of considerable mortality and morbidity in adults. The early recognition of heart failure in the 17th and 18th centuries…
Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension describes a number of different diseases involving the pulmonary vasculature, which have common hemodynamic, histologic, and therapeutic features. The hallmark of these diseases is an abnormally…
Introduction The use of long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS), predominately in the form of ventricular assist devices (VADs), has undergone a major transformation in the past 15 years. In the…
