The majority of congenital heart defects (CHDs) occur as isolated malformations, whereas approximately 25% to 30% of them are associated with extracardiac anomalies, in the setting of large or submicroscopic…
The successes of pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery have enabled a new cohort of women, born with congenitally malformed hearts, to reach adulthood. Many of these women are now considering…
Malnutrition Nutrition is fundamental for growth and neurologic development during childhood. However, malnutrition and growth impairment are common worldwide in infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Growth failure…
Introduction Although descriptions of congenitally malformed hearts date back more than 200 years, the field of pediatric cardiology began to rapidly change in the 1950s, when surgical interventions to treat…
Introduction The aortic arch, the arterial duct, and the right and left pulmonary arteries have a close spatial relationship with the major airways and the esophagus. Due to this close…
Introduction The complex interplay between the cardiovascular and renal systems has received significant clinical, translational, and basic research attention over the past 2 decades. In both the acute and chronic…
More than 90% of children born with congenitally malformed hearts now survive to adulthood, as a result of the spectacular achievements of pediatric cardiology and surgery over the past half-century….
Introduction Several fundamentals of perioperative care for shunt-dependent dual-distribution circulation (see Chapter 70 ) extend to transitional care from the intensive care unit and throughout the interstage period in an…
Key WordsCommon atrioventricular junction, trifoliate left atrioventricular valve, ostium primum defect, surgical correction, Down syndrome There is a group of lesions unified by the anatomic hallmark of a common…
Chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the persistence of valvar dysfunction following an episode of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) or ARF recurrence. Once the inflammatory markers normalize, any persistent valve…
