19 Heart Failure
10.1055/b-0035-121514 19 Heart Failure 19.1.1 Basics Definition Heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to pump sufficient cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body…
16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases
10.1055/b-0035-121511 16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases 16.1 Myocarditis 16.1.1 Basics Synonym: inflammatory cardiomyopathy Definition Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can have greatly varying clinically courses and a…
8 Cardiac Catheterization
10.1055/b-0035-121503 8 Cardiac Catheterization 8.1 Basics Today, only very few purely diagnostic cardiac catheterizations are performed, as the anatomical situation for most heart defects can be visualized very precisely using…
3 Echocardiography
10.1055/b-0035-121498 3 Echocardiography 3.1 Transthoracic Echocardiography 3.1.1 Basics Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is the most important noninvasive imaging procedure in pediatric cardiology. It provides cross-sectional images of the heart and great…
14 Syncope
10.1055/b-0035-121509 14 Syncope 14.1 Basics Definition Syncope is the sudden, temporary loss of consciousness as a result of cerebral hypoperfusion associated with loss of muscular tone. Recovery is spontaneous. Unconsciousness…
13 Palpitations
10.1055/b-0035-121508 13 Palpitations 13.1 Basics Definition Palpitations are defined as the unpleasant awareness of your own heartbeat. Palpitations are often described by patients as pounding or skipping a beat. The…
12 Chest Pain
10.1055/b-0035-121507 12 Chest Pain 12.1 Basics Epidemiology Patients who present with chest pain are more often children and adolescents between the ages of 12 and 14 years. Boys and girls…
11 Cardiac Murmurs
10.1055/b-0035-121506 11 Cardiac Murmurs A murmur can often be the most significant leading symptom of a congenital or acquired heart defect, but cardiac murmurs are also a harmless phenomenon in…
10 Cyanosis
10.1055/b-0035-121505 10 Cyanosis 10.1 Definition Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. It occurs when the hemoglobin is not adequately saturated with oxygen. Cyanosis becomes clinically…
4 Chest X-ray
10.1055/b-0035-121499 4 Chest X-ray 4.1 Basics Despite the availability of modern imaging methods, the chest X-ray remains an essential component of diagnostic measures in pediatric cardiology. An X-ray image provides…
