Surgical Considerations in Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Surgery Erik A.K. Beyer Gonzalo Gonzalez-Stawinski A. Marc Gillinov PRIMARY MITRAL VALVE DISEASE The most common cause of mitral regurgitation in North America…
Assessment of the Mitral Valve in Ischemic Heart Disease1 Alexander N. Chapochnikov Solomon Aronson David Jayakar Mitral regurgitation (MR) that accompanies acute myocardial ischemia or infarction is associated with an…
Assessment of Prosthetic Valves Michelle Capdeville Michael G. Licina The first clinical artificial heart valve was introduced more than 45 years ago. Mechanical and biological prostheses developed in parallel. In…
Assessment in Higher Risk Myocardial Revascularization and Complications of Ischemic Heart Disease Robert M. Savage Gonzalo Gonzalez-Stawinski Jacek Cywinski David Vener Bruce W. Lytle HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES The first association between…
Assessment of Cardiac Masses Kirk Spencer The identification of intracardiac masses is an important use of echocardiography. TEE provides an unparalleled window into the heart. TEE allows improved definition of…
Assessment in Off Pump Myocardial Revascularization Jack S. Shanewise Over the past several years, there has been a great increase in interest in performing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery…
Assessment of Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult Patient Isobel Russell Elyse Foster This chapter is, in large part, based on an original review that is currently in press: Russell…
Assessment of Myocardial Viability Frank W. Dupont DEFINITIONS Viable means capable of living. One definition of myocardial viability is histological because viability is defined by the presence of living myocytes…
Assessment of the Aortic Valve Christopher A. Troianos Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used intraoperatively to evaluate aortic valve anatomy, function, and hemodynamics. The application of Doppler echocardiography (pulsed wave, continuous…
Assessment of the Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves Rebecca A. Schroeder Jonathan B. Mark Katherine A. Grichnik Evaluation of the right-sided cardiac valves with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is easily accomplished with…
