Cytoskeletal Abnormalities in Cardiocytes During Heart Failure George Cooper, IV The cytoskeleton as classically defined for eukaryotic cells consists of three systems of protein filaments. These are the microtubules, the…
Determinants of Cardiac Remodeling and Progression to Heart Failure Jean-Jacques Mercadier The pathways and mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure (HF) have been for decades (if not…
Cellular and Molecular Abnormalities in Failing Cardiac Myocytes Rachel Wilson Xiongwen Chen Steven R. Houser Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome characterized by poor pump performance of the heart,…
Epidemiology of Heart Failure Mikhail Kosiborod Harlan M. Krumholz The epidemic of heart failure (HF) is an important public health issue facing the health care system. The scope of the…
Pleura, Chest Wall, and Diaphragm Very early in its development, the value of computed tomography (CT) was recognized in assessing pleural and chest-wall diseases (1,2). This reflects in part the…
Diffuse Lung Disease Despite the well-established role of chest radiography in accurately and inexpensively displaying a wide range of pulmonary parenchymal pathology, equally well established limitations have been documented (1,…
Pulmonary Hypertension François Haddad Ramona L. Doyle Juliana C. Liu Roham T. Zamanian BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to a state in which pulmonary artery pressure is elevated. By expert…
Atrial Fibrillation Anurag Gupta Paul J. Wang BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic cardiac dysrhythmia. The estimated prevalence of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter is greater than…
Valvular Diseases Shriram Nallamshetty Stanley G. Rockson AORTIC STENOSIS Background The normal aortic valve orifice area (AVA) is 3 to 4 cm2; clinically significant gradients occur when AVA is reduced…
