Inhaled therapy remains the cornerstone of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pharmacologic care, but some systemic treatments can be of help when the burden of the disease remains high. Azithromycin, phosphodiesterase-4…
Management of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation begins with an accurate diagnosis. Although more than 80% of exacerbations are managed on an outpatient basis, hospitalization is all too…
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), when used in combination with long-acting bronchodilators, reduce the risk of exacerbations and improve health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared…
Long-acting bronchodilators represent the mainstay of maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This state-of-the-art review summarizes currently available data on the safety, efficacy, and clinical effectiveness of long-acting…
Lung function testing has undisputed value in the comprehensive assessment and individualized management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a pathologic condition in which a functional abnormality, poorly reversible expiratory airway…
Governments could help prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by reducing smoking rates; for example, through tobacco sale restriction, increasing tobacco prices, reducing nicotine content, and banning smoking in public…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease manifested primarily as airflow limitation that is partially reversible as confirmed by spirometry. COPD patients frequently develop systemic manifestations, such as…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been traditionally considered a self-inflicted disease caused by tobacco smoking. Current available evidence, however, indicates that the pathogenesis of COPD needs to consider the…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly heterogeneous disease with limited adequate treatments. Biomarkers—which may relate to disease susceptibility, diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment response—are ideally suited to dissecting such…
Computerized tomography in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been the subject of intense interest in the research and clinical community. Methods have been developed to objectively detect and quantify…
