Tricuspid/Pulmonary Valve Disease
Tricuspid/Pulmonary Valve Disease Theodore J. Kolias USUAL CAUSES Primary tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease occurs less often than disease of the mitral or aortic valve. This may be related to…
Aortic Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis Ragavendra R. Baliga Mauro Moscucci Michael J. Shea G. Michael Deeb DEFINITION Valvular aortic stenosis is the most common valve lesion in adults in industrialized nations, and calcified…
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis Theodore J. Kolias Kenneth J. Tobin USUAL CAUSES By far, the most common cause of mitral stenosis is rheumatic fever (1,2). This inflammation-induced valvular disease results in fusion…
Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic Regurgitation David S. Bach Michael J. Shea G. Michael Deeb USUAL CAUSES The aortic valve comprises three semilunar aortic cusps, the sinuses of Valsalva, and the sinotubular junction. Aortic…
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation David S. Bach Steven F. Bolling USUAL CAUSES The mitral apparatus is a complex structure comprising the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets, the left atrium and mitral valve…
Infective Endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis Ragavendra R. Baliga Sunil K. Das DEFINITION Infectious endocarditis (IE) is defined as infection of the vascular endocardium typically involving heart valves and congenital heart defects. Other arterial…
Bradycardia
Bradycardia Eric D. Good Krit Jongnarangsin USUAL CAUSES Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. This traditional rate cutoff is arbitrary, and many asymptomatic…
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia Frank Bogun Bradley Knight Fred Morady USUAL CAUSES Ventricular tachycardia (VT) has many etiologies, but generally occurs in patients with underlying structural heart disease (Table 18.1). This can…
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter Aman Chugh Frank Pelosi Fred Morady Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia necessitating hospitalization in the United States (1). Although not immediately life-threatening,…
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Hakan Oral Fred Morady Supraventricular tachycardias arise in or involve at least some part of the atrium or atrioventricular junction. Supraventricular tachycardias develop as a result of…
