Diseases of the tricuspid valve
Diseases of the tricuspid valve form a wide range of anomalies that range from benign to critical conditions. Some of these malformations are unsuitable for the creation of a biventricular…
Atrio-ventricular septal defects (AVSDs)
The term “defects of the atrio-ventricular septum” (AVSDs) refers to a variety of cardiac anomalies characterized by the presence of a common atrio-ventricular (AV) junction . This key morphological feature…
Diseases of the mitral valve
The mitral valve is a complex structure that consists of several components, each of which plays a fundamental role in its function. These include the mitral annulus, anterior and posterior…
Atrial septal defects (ASDs)
The atrial septation starts with the development of septum primum, which is followed by the formation of septum secundum. Subsequently, both septae fuse and thus form the interatrial septum. This…
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are very common and account for approximately 20%–30% of congenital heart defects, often as part of complex lesions. From the anatomical point of view, the interventricular…
Segmental approach to congenital heart disease
Historically, there have been two main schools of nomenclature of congenital heart defects, the foundations of which were laid in parallel by Robert Anderson from the United Kingdom and by…
Chapter 26 – Transplantation for Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 26 Transplantation for Congenital Heart Disease Phil Botha Introduction Although nearly half of all of children undergoing heart transplantation at present have developed end-stage cardiac failure due to intrinsic…
Chapter 25 – Surgery for Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 25 Surgery for Adult Congenital Heart Disease David J. Barron Introduction An increasingly quoted statistic in recent times is the statement that there are now more adults alive with…
Chapter 23 – Hybrid Cardiac Surgical Procedures in Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 23 Hybrid Cardiac Surgical Procedures in Congenital Heart Disease Oliver Stumper Introduction A great number of congenital cardiac lesions are now being treated by interventional cardiac catheterization techniques. Advances…
Chapter 24 – Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children
Chapter 24 Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children Timothy J. Jones Introduction Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique of providing total cardiac and/or respiratory support. It uses an extra-corporeal circuit…
