1 Principles of Echocardiographic Image Acquisition and Doppler Analysis ULTRASOUND WAVES ULTRASOUND TISSUE INTERACTION Reflection Scattering Refraction Attenuation TRANSDUCERS Piezoelectric Crystal Types of Transducers Beam Shape and Focusing Resolution ULTRASOUND…
11 Valvular Stenosis BASIC PRINCIPLES Approach to the Evaluation of Valvular Stenosis Fluid Dynamics of Valvular Stenosis High-Velocity Jet Relationship Between Pressure Gradient and Velocity Distal Flow Disturbance Proximal Flow…
17 The Adult with Congenital Heart Disease ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH Congenital Stenotic Lesions Congenital Regurgitant Lesions Abnormal Intracardiac Communications (Shunts) Abnormal Chamber and Great Vessel Connections CONGENITAL DEFECTS SEEN IN ADULTS…
4 Advanced Echocardiographic Modalities THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Image Acquisition Image Display Examination Protocol Quantitation from 3D Images Clinical Utility Limitations MYOCARDIAL MECHANICS Tissue Doppler Strain and Strain Rate Speckle Tracking Strain…
18 Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography BASIC PRINCIPLES Indications Preoperative Diagnosis Hemodynamics Surgical Manipulation and Instrumentation Time Constraints ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH Views Sequence Reporting and Image Storage LIMITATIONS AND TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Image…
2 Normal Anatomy and Flow Patterns on Transthoracic Echocardiography BASIC IMAGING PRINCIPLES Tomographic Imaging Nomenclature of Standard Views Image Orientation Examination Technique Technical Quality Echocardiographic Image Interpretation TRANSTHORACIC TOMOGRAPHIC VIEWS…
