Single Ventricle
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 19.1 General Considerations Single ventricle is a congenital cardiac malformation in which both atria are connected to only one ventricle…
Pulmonary Atresia
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 27.1 General Considerations Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a form of congenital pulmonary dysplasia in which the PV does not form…
Double Outlet of Left Ventricle
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 28.1 General Considerations DOLV is a rare deformity of the connection of the LV and the main artery. The two…
The Left Atrium
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 7.1 Structure and Characteristics of the Left Atrium The left atrium (LA) lies behind the ascending aorta and is superior…
The Coronary Artery
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 5.1 Coronary Artery Anatomy The coronary artery anatomy includes: (1) the left main coronary artery (LMCA), also known as the…
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 17.1 General Considerations In this chapter, we will discuss congenital RV infundibulum muscular hypertrophy stenosis, including the muscle bundle of…
Congenital Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 16.1 General Considerations 16.1.1 Tricuspid Stenosis and Tricuspid Atresia Tricuspid stenosis covers a spectrum of diseases, including tricuspid dysplasia (leaflets…
General Considerations of Cardiac Embryology
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 10.1 General Considerations The primitive cardiovascular system begins forming during the fourth week of human embryonic development. The heart begins…
Cardiac Anatomy: Nomenclature and Abbreviations
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 1.1 Nomenclature of Cardiac Anatomy 1.1.1 Right Atrium (RA) The right atrium (RA) is the right upper chamber of the…
Aortopulmonary Window
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 21.1 General Considerations Aortopulmonary window is also called aortopulmonary septum defect. Aortic and pulmonary valves are developed well. At the…
