■ Acute upper extremity ischemia is less common than in the lower extremity due to the rich preexisting collateral circulation in both the upper arm and forearm. The majority (~50%) of…
IMAGING AND OTHER DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES ■ Current indications for carotid endarterectomy were reviewed in Chapter 3.1–3 ■ In recent years, CTA and MRA have assumed preeminent roles in carotid intervention planning. Improved…
■ Device designs vary with aneurysm extent. For pararenal aneurysms, 70% of patients are adequately treated with two small fenestrations for the renal arteries and a scallop for the superior mesenteric…
■ The superficial palmar arch is completed by either the branches of the deep palmar arch, radial artery, or median artery in about 80% of patients. The deep palmar arch is…
IMAGING AND OTHER DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES ■ Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may serve as a useful imaging tool, particularly in the setting of acute thoracic aortic pathology. TEE can confirm the presence of…
■ Descending (type B) aortic dissection: Two classifications systems are commonly used to describe the extent of aortic dissections (FIG 2). Stanford type A dissections involve the ascending aorta with or…
■ Several anatomic anomalies are relevant to the surgeon, as they predispose patients to the development of TOS. ■ The most common is a cervical rib, and a preoperative chest radiograph is…
■ For thoracoabdominal exposure, the patient is placed in the right lateral decubitus position using a beanbag and axillary role for support. The left arm is protected with adequate padding and…
Exposure of Carotid Artery ■ In the medial aspect of the wound, the lateral border of the internal jugular vein is identified and sharply defined. The vein is retracted posteriorly and…
■ Arterial blood pressure monitoring is necessary for optimal anesthetic management. Bladder catheterization is performed if the procedure is expected to extend beyond 2 hours. If endarterectomy is performed with regional…
