(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA KeywordsPressure–volume loopsEnd-systolic pressure–volume relationshipExternal myocardial workInternal myocardial workPreloadAfterloadVentricular oxygen consumptionOptimal working volume The complex equilibrium existing between the pressure…
(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA We see, then, that there may be a circulation without a heart, or contractile propulsive power; and as to…
Fig. 20.1 The operation to repair ALCAPA by coronary reimplantation to the ascending aorta is commenced through a median sternotomy. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) techniques and aortic cross-clamping require important considerations…
Fig. 11.1 Fig. 11.2 Fig. 11.3 Fig. 11.4 Fig. 11.5 Fig. 11.6 11.1.2 Primary Extracardiac Fontan Operation with Fenestration Constructing a fenestration with an extracardiac conduit requires strategies to avoid…
Fig. 14.1 The classic initial septal resection is begun by making a longitudinal incision at the nadir of the right coronary cusp and extending this in a counter-clockwise manner toward…
Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2 Fig. 9.3 Fig. 9.4 Fig. 9.5 Fig. 9.6 Care is taken to adjust the left ventricular vent to maximize drainage and maintain a bloodless field for…
Fig. 6.1 Robert Anderson and colleagues simplified this scheme by presenting an approach that highlights phenotypic variability assessed on the basis of the anatomic borders of the defects. This approach…
Fig. 7.1 Fig. 7.2 Fig. 7.3 Fig. 7.4 Fig. 7.5 Fig. 7.6 Fig. 7.7 7.2 Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect (Complete Atrioventricular Canal) Atrioventricular septal defects are also known as AV…
Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3 3.1.2 Surgical Techniques 3.1.2.1 Single Ligation Technique As noted, Fig. 3.3 shows exposure of a PAD through a left thoracotomy. The course of the…
Fig. 2.1 • Fig. 2.2 • Fig. 2.3 • Fig. 2.4 • Fig. 2.5 • Fig. 2.6 • Fig. 2.7 • Fig. 2.8 • Fig. 2.9 • Figure 2.10 shows…
