Fig. 11.1 A 3D CT scan revealing multiple ipsilateral displaced rib fractures and a postoperative radiograph following open reduction and plate fixation. This fixation rapidly restored chest wall integrity and…
Fig. 5.1 Radiograph of flail chest with underlying lung contusion (indicated by arrow) Lung ultrasound: Many of the injuries resulting from thoracic trauma are better demarcated by ultrasonography than on…
Fig. 3.1 The normal mechanics of respiration. As the (intact) chest wall expands outward under the influence of the respiratory muscles (including the intercostal muscles), the diaphragm contracts and lowers,…
Fig. 16.1 Table showing levels of evidence (I–V) for a primary research question The failure to incorporate evidence, via EBM or otherwise, has led to the adoption of new technologies…
Fig. 13.1 Chest tube collecting system—contemporary chest tube collecting systems reproduce the traditional “three-bottle system”. The first compartment collects fluid drained from the pleural space. Air then passes to the…
Fig. 7.1 (a) A patient with a severe chest wall injury with a number of indications for surgery including severe deformity with a flail segment, inability to wean from a…
Author Year of publication Location Implant Study design N: op; nonop patients Timing of operation Outcome Findings (op vs. nonop) Ahmed and Mohyuddin 1995 United Arab Emirates K-wire Retrospective cohort…
A patient is classified as having SLE if he satisfies 4 of the clinical and immunologic criteria used in the SLICC classification criteria, including at least one clinical criterion and…
1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Wegener’s granulomatosis For purposes of classification, a patient shall be said to have Wegener’s granulomatosis if at least 2 of these 4…
Fig. 22.1 CPFE syndrome at chest CT in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (male, smoker). (a) upper lobes showing centrilobular and paraseptal emphysema; (b) mid regions of the lungs, showing…
