The Normal Electrocardiogram
(1) Ospedale Civile di Vigevano, Vigevano, Italy The electrocardiograph is a galvanometer calibrated to produce a deflection with an amplitude of 1 cm for every millivolt (mV) of voltage….
The Electrocardiogram in Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation
(1) Ospedale Civile di Vigevano, Vigevano, Italy Acute Cor Pulmonale—Pulmonary Embolism The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a specific but relatively insensitive tool for diagnosing acute cor pulmonale, which is almost…
The Electrocardiogram in Wolff-ParkinsonWhite Syndrome
(1) Ospedale Civile di Vigevano, Vigevano, Italy Introduction In its most common form, the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is caused by the presence of an embryonic remnant consisting of an…
General Principles of Anatomy and Cellular Electrophysiology
(1) Ospedale Civile di Vigevano, Vigevano, Italy An Anatomical Overview of the Excitation-Conduction System of the Heart The electrical activity of the heart is governed by the sinoatrial (SA)…
Electrical Bases of the Arrhythmias
(1) Ospedale Civile di Vigevano, Vigevano, Italy Arrhythmias are cardiac rhythm abnormalities, that is, rhythms differing from the normal sinus rhythm, which is characterized by heart rates ranging from…
Airspace-Predominant Diseases
4 CHAPTER Airspace-Predominant Diseases This chapter includes diseases in which the predominant histologic changes occur within airspaces, including bronchiolar lumens, alveolar duct lumens, and alveolar spaces, rather than in the…
Infections I: Nongranulomatous Pneumonias
7 CHAPTER Infections I: Nongranulomatous Pneumonias This chapter includes nongranulomatous pneumonias in which a microbe can usually be identified in biopsy specimens, and in which pathologic recognition may be necessary…
Interstitial Diseases II: Fibrotic Variants
3 CHAPTER Interstitial Diseases II: Fibrotic Variants As in Chapter 2, this chapter includes only those conditions that predominantly involve the interstitium with relative sparing of airspaces. In contrast, however,…
Miscellaneous Nodules, Depositions, and Cysts
12 CHAPTER Miscellaneous Nodules, Depositions, and Cysts This chapter includes a number of miscellaneous, largely unrelated conditions. Most share the radiographic finding of a parenchymal nodule or nodules, whereas some…
Interstitial Diseases I: Cellular Variants
2 CHAPTER Interstitial Diseases I: Cellular Variants Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a broad term that, depending on definition, may encompass a wide variety of unrelated diseases. To many clinicians,…
