Figure 25–1. (a) Electrocardiographic (top) and vectorcardiographic (bottom) representation of a long-term CM development in a chronic canine model. Leads I, aVF, and frontal plane VCG shown at baseline, during…
Figure 6–1. Classification of active cardiac arrhythmias Abnormal Impulse Formation Normal Automaticity Automaticity is the property of cardiac cells to generate spontaneous action potentials. Spontaneous activity is the result of…
Figure 34–1. Cardiac phenotype of PFHBI patients. (A) ECG from the large Afrikaner family. (a) Sinus rhythm with a RBBB in an 8-year-old asymptomatic boy on a standard 12-lead ECG,…
Figure 5–1. The interaction between neural triggers and cardiovascular substrate during autonomic activation [2]. Stimulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors can decrease electrical stability directly as a result of changes in second…
Figure 24–1. Panel a: Representation of an HCN channel subunit, four of which together form a functional channel generating If current. Shown are the six membrane spanning segments, the pore…
Figure 23–1. Differences between decompensated and compensated hypertrophy. (a) Evolvement of cardiac output over time in compensated (grey line) and decompensated (yellow and red lines) hypertrophy after an initiating event….
Figure 27–1. Compendium of LQTS-susceptibility genes Rare subtypes stem from perturbations in key cardiac channel interacting proteins [Kv7.1, Kv11.1 or Nav1.5 beta subunits (LQT5, LQT6, LQT10, LQT11, LQT12) or structural…
Figure 31–1. RyR2 mutational clusters. Clusters with frequent mutations are depicted with their location along RyR2 amino acid (AA) sequence. Percentage of known (published) mutation foe each cluster is also…
Figure 13–1. High amplitude spike discharge activity (HASDA) induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) (Panel a), premature ventricular contraction (PVC, arrow) (Panel b) and QRST morphology change (arrows, Panel c) in dogs…
Figure 28–1. Four ECG traces of a resuscitated Brugada syndrome patient showing most severe ST-T abnormalities in leads positioned over the second and third intercostal space (right two panels) where…
