Adult Congenital Heart Disease
A. Observe the patient without intervention B. Perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine need for intervention C. Recommend surgical ASD closure only D. Recommend surgical ASD closure with pulmonary venous…
Outpatient Cardiology
What is the next best step for diagnosis? A. Cardiac catheterization B. Cardiac MRI C. Chest x-ray D. Echocardiography E. No further imaging, proceed to surgery immediately 49. What is…
Mitral Valve Repair
Fig. 9.1 Anatomy – anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve The mitral annulus represents the junction that joins the left atrium and ventricle and consists of fibrous and…
Transplantation for End-Stage Heart Disease
Fig. 4.1 Hypothetical depiction of survival benefit margin for a stable recipient in good condition (Recipient A) and a seriously ill recipient with multiple risk factors (Recipient B) (Kirklin et…
Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support: Bridge to Recovery or to Decision
Characteristic Incidence (percent) Median age 75 years Female More than 50 % Coronary artery disease 60 % Hypertension 70 % Diabetes 40 % Atrial fibrillation 30 % Renal insufficiency 30…
Ventricular Containment, Shape Change, Infarct Restraint
Fig. 8.1 An artist rendition of the polyester implant, a concept of the Acorn cardiac support device Fig. 8.2 Operative photograph of one of the first implants of the Acorn…
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the Treatment of Heart Failure
Fig. 5.1 Schematic showing a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) being readied for anastomoses to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The myocardium is being stabilized by a suction based…
Surgical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation
Fig. 14.1 Early endocardial lesion set – proposed by Melo, based on bilateral isolation of pulmonary veins with LAA closure Radiofrequency Unipolar, unipolar with irrigated cooling, and bipolar systems with…
Left Ventricular Reconstruction in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Fig. 7.1 Schematic of the principles of Left ventricular reconstruction (As proposed by Dor in 1985) Despite all this intuitive work on preserving left ventricular geometry, there was little interest…
