Carinal Resection and Reconstruction
Figure 10.1 (a, b) The most common type of resection involves the carina and right lung; the reconstruction is perfomed by end-to-end anastomoses between the distal trachea and left main…
Tracheobronchoplasty
Figure 7.1 The patient receives general anesthesia and is intubated with a modified double-lumen endotracheal tube. To facilitate custom resizing of the airway, the tracheal lumen of a double-lumen tube…
Thoracotomy and Sternotomy
Figure 2.1 (a, b) Anterior thoracotomy. The patient is placed in the lateral decubitus position with the back toward the edge of the table, with the middle of the table…
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Figure 1.1 Standard positioning of the patient for VATS is lateral decubitus with flexion of the torso. The point of flexion should be about two fingers below the tip of…
Systemic Vasculitides
Fig. 18.1 Giant cell arteritis. (a) Low-power photomicrograph of aortitis due to giant cell arteritis with large-vessel involvement. In the middle of the aortic media (arrows) is a band of…
Arteriosclerosis/Large Artery Disease
Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Stiffens aorta Little effect Dilates aorta Occludes Media Intima Diffuse Focal Age and blood pressure Cholesterol and smoking Cushion function Conduit function The key functions of the arterial…
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) 1. Idiopathic PAH 2. Heritable PAH 1.2.1 BMPR2 1.2.2 ALK-1, ENG, SMAD9, CAV1, KCNK3 1.2.3 Unknown 1.3 Drug and toxin induced 1.4 Associated with 1.4.1…
Arterial Alterations in Hypertension
Fig. 20.1 Blood pressure curve in the ascending aorta with its forward and backward components. Augmentation pressure is the difference between systolic blood pressure and the peak of the forward…
Doppler-Based Renal Resistive Index: Clinical and Prognostic Significance
Fig. 27.1 Results of a renal colour-Doppler ultrasonography showing renal vascularization (a). RI measurement using pulsed-wave Doppler (b) Table 27.1 Colour-Doppler for a semi-quantitative evaluation of intrarenal vascularisation [1] Stage…
Pharmacologic and Environmental Factors: Coffee, Smoking, and Sodium
Fig. 13.1 Changes in brachial and aortic blood pressures, corrected augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity at 5, 10, and 15 min after smoking one cigarette in healthy smokers and…
