Thoracic Key

4Heart Failure DEFINITION, TYPES, CAUSES, AND DIAGNOSIS OF HEART FAILURE 1. Definition and types of heart failure I. Heart failure is diagnosed clinically, not by echocardiography II. After HF is…

1Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome I. Definition, types of myocardial infarction, and pitfalls II. Clinical features, ECG, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography in ACS III. Initial approach to acute chest pain…

16Action Potential Features and Propagation: Mechanisms of Arrhythmias, Antiarrhythmic Drugs I. Action potential II. Action potential propagation and mechanisms of arrhythmias III. General mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic agents IV….

11Atrial Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia I. Atrial flutter II. Focal atrial tachycardia III. Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) (or chaotic atrial tachycardia) IV. Ectopic atrial rhythm Questions and answers I. Atrial…

30Miscellaneous Cardiac Topics: Cardiac Masses and Tumors, Pregnancy, HIV and Heart Disease, Cocaine and the Heart, Chemotherapy and Heart Disease, Chest X-Ray 1. Cardiac masses I. Differential diagnosis of a…

2ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction 1. Definition, reperfusion, and general management I. Definition II. Timing of reperfusion III. ECG phases of STEMI IV. STEMI diagnostic tips and clinical vignettes V. Specific…

7Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy I. Definition and features of HCM II. Natural history and mortality III. Symptoms and ECG IV. Exam V. Invasive hemodynamic findings VI. Echocardiographic findings VII. Provocative maneuvers VIII….

5Additional Heart Failure Topics 1. Specific cardiomyopathies I. Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy II. Viral myocarditis III. Acute eosinophilic myocarditis IV. HIV cardiomyopathy V. Chagas disease VI. Sarcoidosis VII. LV non-compaction VIII. Takotsubo…