Introduction Stenting of supra-aortic vessels has become a reasonable alternative or sometimes the treatment of choice for cases of athero-occlusive disease of the carotid, subclavian, innominate, and vertebral arteries. Protection…
Extracranial carotid artery occlusive disease is associated with the risk of stroke, disability, and death. The surgical treatment of carotid disease has undergone significant evolution from early attempts at carotid…
Introduction The Carotid Wallstent (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) is one of the most used stents in the endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis, particularly because of its design, which allows excellent…
Introduction Subclavian steal phenomenon (or syndrome) originates from severe stenosis or occlusion of the proximal subclavian artery resulting in the reversal of blood flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery (VA)…
Introduction Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is defined as atherosclerosis of the large intracranial arteries, namely the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA), intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries, middle, anterior and posterior…
Introduction Accounting for 87% of all types of stroke, ischemic stroke has both fatal and disabling consequences for affected patients. Ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of long-term disability; however,…
Introduction Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are a demanding pathology to treat. There is ample discussion about which single modality or which amalgam of modalities is the most optimal, i.e., endovascular…
Introduction Since the initial introduction of endovascular coiling techniques by Guglielmi in 1991, endovascular therapies for intracranial aneurysms have evolved. Initially, intrasaccular coiling and parent vessel occlusion with coils after…
Endovascular Treatment in the Management of Arteriovenous Access Arteriovenous access surgery provides a lifeline for those patients with end-stage renal disease in need of hemodialysis. The high flow arteriovenous anastomosis…
Introduction Interventionalists are especially cautious with carotid artery stenting (CAS) because complications can lead to devastating and permanent neurological sequelae, even death. Preparation for CAS can often seem excessive; however,…
