Outline Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and the Impact on Heart Failure, 214 Worsening Kidney Function and Prognosis, 214 Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in Heart Failure, 215 Peripheral Volume…
Outline Patient Characteristics, 244 Demographic Distribution, 244 Comorbidities, 245 Prevalence and Incidence, 245 Estimates and Trends, 245 Impact of Demographics and Socioeconomic Status, 246 Age, 246 Sex, 246 Race, 246…
Outline Skeletal Muscle Adaptations in Heart Failure, 222 Skeletal Muscle Atrophy, 223 Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Reduced Anabolic Hormones/Effectors, 223 Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown and Increased Catabolic Hormones/Effectors, 224…
Outline Overview of Cardiac Metabolism, 233 Hallmarks and Regulation of Cardiac Energy Metabolism, 233 Crosstalk Between Cardiac Metabolism and Signaling, 235 Significance of Cardiac Energetics for Heart Disease, 235 Metabolic…
Outline Pathophysiologic Insights, 201 Endothelial Dysfunction in Clinical Heart Failure, 203 Endothelial Dysfunction of the Coronary Circulation in Heart Failure, 203 Systemic Nature of Endothelial Dysfunction in Heart Failure, 204…
Outline The Postnatal Heart is Not a Postmitotic Organ, 43 Sources of Controversy in Postnatal Mammalian Cardiomyocyte Proliferation 44 Evidence of Cardiomyocyte Turnover in the Adult Heart, 44 Molecular Basis…
Outline Cellular and Molecular Determinants: A View From 30,000 Feet, 136 Measuring Systolic Function: A Primer on Pressure-Volume Relations, 137 Beat-to-Beat Regulation of Systolic Function, 140 Acute Stretch—The Frank-Starling Effect,…
Outline Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems, 115 Reactive Oxygen Species, 115 Primary Antioxidant Systems, 115 Ancillary Antioxidant Mechanisms, 116 Markers of Oxidative Stress in Human Heart Failure, 116 Lipid…
Outline Natriuretic Peptides: Historical Background, 127 General Overview of Natriuretic Peptide System, 128 Natriuretic Peptide System in Heart Failure: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Treatment, 129 Novel Designer Natriuretic Peptides in the…
Outline Overview of Innate Immunity, 103 Expression and Regulation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in the Heart, 103 Toll Receptors, 103 Role of Toll-like Receptors in Myocardial Disease, 106 Toll-like Receptor…
