Asthma in the Preschool Age Child
Abstract Wheeze in preschool children (5 years of age and younger) is common. The majority of severe episodes are triggered by viral colds. Unlike atopic asthma in adults and young…
Bronchiectasis and Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease
Abstract Bronchiectasis, chronic suppurative lung disease, and protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) are increasingly recognized conditions. Bronchiectasis is now again increasingly diagnosed, and its renewed interest has resulted in further in-depth…
Respiratory Complications of Intensive Care
Abstract A significant number of children admitted to pediatric intensive care units across the United States receive invasive mechanical ventilation. While respiratory disease in children is a major indication for…
Lung Injury From Hydrocarbon Aspiration and Smoke Inhalation
Abstract Lung injury from hydrocarbon aspiration continues to account for a significant proportion of accidental poisonings in children. Severe pneumonitis can occur. Treatment remains largely supportive, and some suggest that…
Principles of Mechanical Ventilation
Abstract Mechanical ventilation is central to critical care and came into routine practice after the polio outbreaks in the mid-20th century. A contemporary mechanical ventilator is a device made to…
Childhood Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension in children is a disease with very high morbidity and mortality if left untreated. There has been increasing recognition of the need to appropriately classify and categorize…
Toxocariasis, Hydatid Disease of the Lung, Strongyloidiasis, and Pulmonary Paragonimiasis
Abstract Though less common in the developed world, parasitic infections, particularly those involving the lung, remain prevalent in resource poor countries. Current seroprevalence data place toxocariasis among the most common…
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of acute lung injury, characterized by acute pulmonary infiltrates, abnormal respiratory system compliance, and moderate to severe hypoxemia. The…
The Pulmonary Mycoses
Abstract Pulmonary fungal infections can be caused by endemic or opportunistic fungi. The endemic mycoses are known for their ability to cause disease in otherwise healthy children as well as…
Pertussis and Other BordetellaInfections of the Respiratory Tract
Abstract Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, caused by Bordetella pertussis and, less frequently, by B. parapertussis . It occurs worldwide, affects all…
