Endovascular Management of Aortic and Thoracic Aneurysms
A Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a 50% increase in the diameter of the aorta when compared with a normal segment. The average infrarenal…
Intracranial Intervention and Acute Stroke
Introduction The management of cerebrovascular disease has often lagged behind the advances made in the management of cardiovascular disease. However those same technological advances in cardiovascular devices have facilitated the…
Intervention for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease
Clinical Assessment Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by a number of pathologies affecting the arteries of the lower extremities. The most common cause in industrialized countries is atherosclerosis, but…
Renal Denervation
Introduction Hypertension is a leading cause of death worldwide, with 13% of all deaths attributed to it in 2004 (World Health Organization, 2009). A prevalence of 29% (1.56 billion) has…
Fractional Flow Reserve
Introduction Coronary blood flow and pressure measurements across a stenotic coronary artery provide information on the ischemic potential of a specific lesion at the time of catheterization. Physiologic assessment of…
Renal Artery Intervention: Catheter-Based Therapy for Renal Artery Stenosis
Introduction A key principle governing renal artery stenting (RAS) is that clinical benefit will result from relieving a significant renal artery stenosis causing renal hypoperfusion. Published meta-analyses suggest that a…
Upper Extremity Intervention
Introduction Atherosclerotic upper extremity obstructive disease is predominantly secondary to subclavian or innominate artery stenosis (SAS or IAS). The diagnosis is usually suspected when a significant (often ≥15 mm Hg) systolic brachial…
Mesenteric Artery Intervention: Catheter-Based Therapy for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
Introduction Prevalence The prevalence of mesenteric arterial stenoses is much more common than is the clinical manifestation of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI), likely due to the rich vascular communication among…
Optical Coherence Tomography
Introduction Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a tomographic imaging technology first described for use in ophthalmology that has been adapted for real-time intravascular imaging. The resolution of OCT is significantly…
Bifurcations
Introduction A bifurcation coronary lesion is a stenosis involving or adjacent to the origin of an arterial side branch ≥2 mm in diameter. The stenosis can involve the large branch (main…
