Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

Definition and Morphology Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) was described in 1875 by von Rokitansky and is characterized by atrioventricular (AV) and ventriculo-arterial (VA) discordance. CCTGA may…

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Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome

Definition and Morphology Absent pulmonary valve syndrome is a rare congenital cardiac malformation that was first described anatomically by Chevers in 1847. The first clinical case report was published in…

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Double-Chambered Right Ventricle

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Double-Chambered Right Ventricle

Definition and Morphology Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is characterized by anomalous or hypertrophied muscle bundles, which cause a form of subvalvar right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, dividing the right…

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Pulmonary Stenosis

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Pulmonary Stenosis

Definition and Morphology Pulmonary valvular stenosis is usually an isolated congenital anomaly and occurs in 7% to 12% of patients with congenital heart disease. It can sometimes be associated with…

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Tricuspid Regurgitation and Stenosis

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Tricuspid Regurgitation and Stenosis

Definitions and Morphology Isolated congenital anomalies of the tricuspid valve (TV) are rare structural malformations that involve one or more components of the TV apparatus and result more commonly in…

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Ebstein Anomaly

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Ebstein Anomaly

Definition and Morphology Ebstein anomaly (EA) is a rare malformation of the tricuspid valve (TV) and right ventricle (RV). The anatomic and pathophysiologic characteristics are variable and lead to a…

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Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Definition and Morphology Definitions Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) encompass a spectrum of cardiac anomalies. The hallmark feature is a five-leaflet atrioventricular (AV) valve with a common AV annulus that guards…

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Valvular Aortic Stenosis

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Valvular Aortic Stenosis

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction accounts for 5% to 10% of all congenital heart defects and may be due to stenosis at a valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular level. The obstruction…

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Aortic Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch

Feb 26, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Aortic Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch

Coarctation of the Aorta Definition and Morphology Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a complex cardiovascular disorder, and, as part of a generalized arteriopathy, a lifelong disease that persists after…

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