Ischemic Heart Disease
Introduction to Ischemic Heart Disease Pamela S. Douglas, MD, MACC The diagnosis and assessment of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is perhaps the most common reason for the performance of echocardiography, given…
Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Introduction Kazuaki Negishi, MD, PhD Thomas H. Marwick, MD, PhD, MPH The assessment of global left ventricular (LV) systolic function is a cornerstone of risk evaluation and management in most cardiac diseases….
Contrast Echocardiography
Contrast Echocardiography: Introduction Sanjiv Kaul, MD In 4 years, contrast echocardiography will be celebrating its Golden Jubilee. It was first described in 1968 by Gramiak and Shah and then found increasing…
Left Atrium
Assessment of Left Atrial Size Teresa S.M. Tsang, MD Left atrial remodeling: an echocardiographic diagnosis Left atrial (LA) enlargement is an important echocardiographic finding. The size of the left atrium has…
A Crisscross Heart With Brady-Tachy Issues: Case submitted by Vivienne Ezzat, MBChB
Abstract 1. Brady- and tachyarrhythmias frequently coexist in complex ACHD patients. Management of one can complicate management of the other. 2. All ACHD patients with intracardiac shunts and/or sluggish blood…
Postventricular Septal Defect Repair With Bradyarrhythmias and Sudden Death: Submitted by Berardo Sarubbi, MD, PhD
Abstract 1. Progressive or late-occurring bradyarrhythmias are an important cause of problems in ACHD. 2. “Symptoms” due to bradycardia can be vague and atypical. 3. All “symptomatic” bradycardia patients should…
Atrial Fibrillation and Thrombus in a Patient With a Fontan Circulation: Submitted by Lara Curran, MBBS, BSc, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, MD, MSc, PhD, FESC and Rafael Alonso-Gonzalez, MD, MSc, FESC
Abstract 1. All patients with ACHD and AF, atrial flutter, or intraatrial reentrant tachycardia should undergo transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography to rule out a thrombus prior to cardioversion. 2. In…
Transposition Patient With Mustard’s Operation and Brady-Tachy Issues: Case submitted by Vivienne Ezzat, MBChB
Abstract 1. Atrial switch (Mustard’s and Senning’s operation) patients can have complex plumbing and electrical issues. Proactive attention to both issues is important to reduce morbidity and mortality, to maintain…
Repaired Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect Patient With Late Bradyarrhythmia: Case Presentation by Matthias Greutmann, MD, FESC
Abstract 1. Periodic (?annual) rhythm monitoring with Holter or other monitors should be considered part of the management regimen in patients with complex ACHD. 2. In patients with intellectual or…
Tetralogy of Fallot and Biventricular Heart Failure: Submitted by Adam J. Small, MD and Jeremy Moore, MD
Abstract 1. Electrical causes of cardiac dysfunction include absence of AV synchrony, dyssynchronous ventricular activation, and tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. 2. Each of these three factors should be considered in any patient…
