Agent Class Trade name Distributor FDA/US status Hypertonic saline Hyperosmolar N/A Multiple Off-label Saline/propylene glycol Hyperosmolar Sclerodex Omega Laboratories (Canada) Not available Sodium tetradecyl sulfate Detergent Sotradecol Mylan Approved Polidocanol…
Fig. 10.1 ClariVein® infusion catheter showing the rotating tip at the end (courtesy of Vascular Insights LLC, Quincy, MA) The catheter is currently available in two sizes: 45 and 65…
Indications •Imaging-proven symptomatic DVT in the IVC, iliac, common femoral, and/or femoral vein in a recently ambulatory patient with DVT symptoms for less than 28 days or in whom there is…
Fig. 26.1 Open thrombectomy of infrainguinal veins . The femoral veins (a) and the posterior tibial vein (c) are controlled via separate incisions. The Fogarty balloon is introduced from the…
Fig. 15.1 Simplified treatment algorithm for chronic venous disease (CVD) Clinical Exam and Imaging A proper history should always include a review of previous ulcers, vein surgeries (for harvest or…
Fig. 41.1 The Neves and Zincke classification indicating cephalad extent of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Level I tumor thrombus is located and confined to <2 cm above renal vein….
Source, year Patients (n) Prevalence of DVT (%) Proportion of proximal DVTs detected by the second CUS % (95% CI) Three-month thromboembolic risk, % (95% CI)a Birdwell et al. [22],…
C0: No visible or palpable signs of venous disease C1: Telangiectases or reticular veins C2: Varicose veins C3: Edema C4a: Pigmentation and eczema C4b: Lipodermatosclerosis and atrophie blanche C5: Healed…
Fig. 13.1 Endovenous thermal ablation of perforators. (a) Duplex image showing the perforating vein before EVLT; (b) The EVLA fiber placed into the perforator at the level of the fascia;…
Fig. 29.1 Computed tomographic pulmonary angiogram demonstrating bilateral filling defects in the branches of the pulmonary arteries (white arrows), which are diagnostic of acute pulmonary embolism. (a) A “four-chamber view”…
