Conclusions
(1) Pediatric Cardiology, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy More than a century after its birth, and in the era of demanding tests,—fast and silent like computed tomography or slow and…
ECG Metamorphosis: From the Newborn to Adulthood
(1) Pediatric Cardiology, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy 5.1 The Newborn Infant There is one thing that neonatologists and one of the greatest Italian poets, Giacomo Leopardi, agree on: the…
Basic Concepts of Electrocardiography
(1) Pediatric Cardiology, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy We did not start from the action potential, and we have deliberately not got bogged down in vectorcardiographic analysis. So we can…
Introduction
(1) Pediatric Cardiology, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes, but in having new eyesMarcel Proust 1.1 A Literary Premise to…
Color Duplex Scanning of the Renal Arteries
Classification RAR PSV (cm/s) PST Normal <3.5 <120 Absent <60% stenosis <3.5 >180 Absent >60% stenosis >3.5 >180 Present Occlusion N/A N/A N/A Low-velocity, low-amplitude parenchymal signals RAR renal-aortic velocity…
Color Duplex Scanning of the Extracranial Carotid Arteries
Fig. 7.1 Color duplex ultrasound image of an internal carotid artery showing calcified plaque where a very dense acoustic signal is registered (arrow) with acoustic shadowing (underneath the arrrow) The…
Color Duplex Scanning of the Hepatoportal Circulation
is normally 0.55–0.70 (Fig. 48.1) [7]. Fig. 48.1 Hepatic artery . (a) Color Doppler image of porta hepatis demonstrating color Doppler aliasing corresponding to high-velocity flow in the hepatic artery…
Overview of Cerebrovascular Disease
Fig. 6.1 An illustration showing the aortic arch and its branches: (1) brachial-cephalic trunk, (2) right subclavian artery, (3) right vertebral artery, (4) right common carotid artery, (5) right external…
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Agent Company Gas Shell Approval First-generation, non-transpulmonary vascular Free microbubbles Echovist (SHU 454) Schering Air Air None Galactose Europe Second-generation, transpulmonary vascular, short half-life (<5 min) Albunex Levovist (SHU 508…
Venous Duplex Ultrasound of the Upper Extremities
Indications Number Upper extremity venous duplex to rule out thrombosis 191 Upper extremity dialysis evaluations 142 Upper extremity radial artery bypass harvest 16 Upper extremity graft surveillance 35 Evaluation for…
