Surgical Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure
Class I 1. Meticulous identification and control of fluid retention 2. Referral for cardiac transplantation in potentially eligible patients 3. Referral to an HF program with expertise in the management…
Medical Treatment of Heart Failure and Coronary Heart Disease
Fig. 20.1 Colored arteriogram of arteries of healthy heart ((c) SPL/Science Source Images, used with permission) Heart failure (HF) is a physiologic state in which the heart either cannot pump…
Preventive Cardiology: The Effects of Exercise
Fig. 28.1 Effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors. HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, sd-LDL small-dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HTN hypertension Blood Pressure Exercise plays a significant role in…
Evaluation of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques
Fig. 16.1 Atherosclerotic lesions with luminal thrombi. Coronary plaque features responsible for acute thrombosis comprise three different morphologies: rupture, erosion, and calcified nodules. Ruptured plaques are thin fibrous cap atheromas…
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Utilizing Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Techniques
Fig. 11.1 Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier cardiac mortality comparing patients undergoing Stress-Only SPECT imaging and patients undergoing conventional Rest-Stress imaging who had normal studies. No difference in mortality was observed suggesting that…
Kawasaki Disease
Epidemiologic case definition (classic clinical criteria) Fever of at least 5 days’ duration Presence of at least four of the following principal features: Changes in extremities Polymorphous exanthem Bilateral conjunctival…
Coronary Artery Disease: Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow
Left ventricular (LV) Systolic wall stress LV systolic pressure LV diameter LV wall thickness Contractility Heart rate Systolic Wall Tension The force produced by the contracting myocardium to generate pressure…
Medical Management of Serum Lipids and Coronary Heart Disease
Fig. 3.1 Proportional reduction in major vascular events versus absolute low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction. In a meta-analysis of 26 large trials of statin therapy, including a total of 170,000…
Cardiovascular Genetics: Focus on Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease
Fig. 27.1 Mendelian patterns on inheritance. Pedigree patterns for autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive, and X-linked dominant inheritance are shown In an autosomal recessive disorder, both copies of the…
Women and Coronary Artery Disease
Fig. 7.1 Cardiovascular disease in adults aged 20 years or older by age and sex. The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women and men increases as they age….
