Esophageal perforation
Figure 25.1 Chest x-ray of a man following a spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus. The left hydropneumothorax has been drained. Surgical emphysema is present and a slight pneumomediastinum can be…
Eventration, central bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and congenital hernia in adults
Figure 22.1 Intra-operative views of a left pleural cavity: the phrenic pedicle passes from the pericardium’s left side to the left hemidiaphragm’s upper part. In case of sudden deceleration, a…
Surgery for pectus and other congenital chest wall disorders
Figure 21.1 Pectus excavatum. The deformity is usually noted soon after birth or in early childhood and often becomes more marked during the period of rapid growth in puberty. It…
Thoracic trauma
Figure 26.1 Severe blunt chest trauma with mediastinal shift to the right (arrows) due to left tension hemopneumothorax. Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) is another important adjunct to…
Superior vena cava obstruction
Figure 15.1 Anatomy of the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins. The junction between the SVC and the right atrium lies within the pericardium that surrounds the anterolateral surface of…
Tube thoracostomy
Figure 18.1 Average intrapleural pressure measured in patients submitted to pulmonary lobectomy and managed with a traditional device and with a regulated-pressure device (Thopaz). In these cases, the traditional system…
Lung volume reduction surgery for the treatment of advanced emphysema
Figure 8.1 Lung volumes measured during exercise demonstrating development of dynamic hyperinflation. The EELV rises throughout exercise until a critical point is reached and tidal volume can no longer be…
Tracheal stenosis, masses and tracheoesophageal fistula
Figure 6.1 Post-intubation tracheal stenosis may occur at various points in the airway, from the point where an orotracheal tube passes through the vocal cords to the contact point between…
Bronchopleural fistula management
Figure 20.1A CXR of a patient 2 weeks after pneumonectomy ventilated via a tracheostomy. Figure 20.1B The same patient 12 hours later after developing a BPF; the fluid level in…
Treatment of haemoptysis
Pulmonary metastatic diseaseKaposi’s sarcomaGoodpasture’s syndromeWegner’s granulomatosisMicroscopic polyarteritisBehcet’s diseaseSystemic lupus erythematosusIdiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosisInfectionCoagulopathyBacterial pneumoniaTBMycetomaRespiratory viral infectionsLung abscessParasitic diseaseUse of anticoagulants or thrombolytic agentsVon Willebrand’s diseaseHaemophiliaThrombocytopeniaDisseminated intravascular coagulationAirways diseaseMiscellaneousBronchiectasisBronchitisCystic fibrosisTraumaForeign bodyIatrogenicPulmonary sequestrationEndometriosis/catamenialLymphangioleiomyomatosisCryptogenic…
