Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Figure 10.1 The effect of brain temperature on reported safe duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Cardiopulmonary bypass: re-warming Re-warming should be instituted following a planned rate of rise of…
Non-cardiac surgery functions of cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 16.1 CARDIOHELP System is one of the first fully portable emergency life support systems for patients suffering cardiogenic shock. It measures 31 × 25 × 42 cm and weighs 11.5 kg with an ability to…
Pediatric aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 15.1 Pediatric bypass circuit. Prime fluid calculations First, calculate the patient’s circulating blood volume (PV), which varies with weight as shown below: Patient weight range Calculated circulating volume (PV)…
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 13 Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery Robert C. AlbrightJr. The incidence of perioperative renal injury appears to be increasing in the ever more…
Weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 8.1 Transesophageal echocardiogram (mid-esophageal, left ventricular outflow tract view) showing the heart during de-airing following aortic valve surgery. Air is seen as white speckles throughout the left heart. Of…
Metabolic management during cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 6.1 Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Pump flow rate must be adjusted with due consideration to temperature if the metabolic demands for oxygen are to be matched by delivery. Typical flow…
Conduct of cardiopulmonary bypass
where PBV = patient’s blood volume (l) and CPB prime volume = extracorporal prime volume (l). Benefits of hemodilution include reduced blood viscosity and an increase in microvascular blood flow,…
Atherosclerosis Imaging Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Fig. 11.1 Multiplanar reformatted targeted three-dimensional T2 preparation echo coronary MRI depicting the right coronary artery (RCA), left main coronary artery (LM), and left circumflex (LCX). The in-plane spatial resolution…
Coronary Atherosclerosis Imaging by Coronary CT Angiography
Fig. 9.1 Prospectively triggered scanning. In this mode there is intermittent table motion, triggered by the ECG R-wave of the oncoming beat. Prospective mode is facilitated by a wider detector…
Intravascular Ultrasound
Fig. 7.1 Angiographic underestimation of disease. Although angiogram (top) shows only minor luminal irregularities, two sites in the left anterior descending artery (arrows) show major atherosclerosis (below). The entire vessel…
