Classification of Peripheral Arteriovenous and Venous Malformations J. Leonel Villavicencio The three vascular systems—arterial, venous, and lymphatic—form miles of a complex seamless network of intricate vessels with specific vital physiologic…
Drug Therapy of Erectile Dysfunction Mikkel Fode, Jens Sønksen, Susanne A. Quallich and Dana A. Ohl The erectile mechanism is, in part, controlled by neural and endothelial nitric oxide (NO),…
Axillofemoral Bypass Joseph R. Schneider Axillofemoral bypass (AxFB), a bypass graft from one axillary artery to one or both femoral arteries, was first performed in the early 1960s in patients…
Extremity Causalgia Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Kelley Hodgkiss-Harlow and Dennis F. Bandyk Understanding the pathophysiology and management of extremity causalgia, a complex regional pain syndrome (CPRS), is relevant to the practice…
Acute Aortic Occlusion Salvatore T. Scali and Thomas S. Huber Acute aortic occlusion is a true vascular emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality secondary to the underlying etiology, the…
Penetrating and Blunt Injuries of the Carotid Artery Jihad Abbas and Gerald B. Zelenock Injuries to the carotid arteries are relatively uncommon, but not rare. Despite some variability in reported…
Percutaneous Arterial Angioplasty with and without Stenting for Atherosclerotic Aortic and Iliac Artery Occlusive Disease Douglas B. Hood The comparative ease and success of endovascular management of aortoiliac occlusive disease…
Lumbar Sympathectomy for Lower Extremity Ischemic Ulcers Ryan M. Svoboda and Jack L. Cronenwett Before the era of arterial reconstruction, lower extremity ischemic ulcers regularly progressed to gangrene and limb…
Open Surgery and Endovascular Management of Failing Infrainguinal Bypass Graft Scott A. Berceli Originally described in 1984, failing bypass grafts now include any stenosis or abnormal hemodynamics determined by clinical…
Open Surgical Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms Jose L. Trani and Jeffrey P. Carpenter Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are uncommon, having an estimated incidence in the general population of 0.1%….
