Congenital Heart Disease in Adults 15.1 Atrial Septal Defect Nejm 2000;342:256 Cause: ASD: 75% ostium secundum defects (fossa ovalis); 15% ostium primum defects (lower intra-atrial septum); 10% sinus venosus defects…
Aortic and Peripheral Vascular Disease 14.1 Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Circ 2005;111:816; Nejm 2003;348:1895; 1993;328:1167 Cause: Thoracic aortic aneurysms result from cystic medial degeneration and are seen in Marfan…
Pulmonary Vascular Disease 13.1 Pulmonary Embolus Lancet 2004;363:1295; Circ 2003;108:2726,2834 Cause: Thrombi from deep veins of the legs, pelvis, or arms embolize to the pulmonary arteries, producing pulmonary arterial obstruction…
Hypertension 11.1 Systemic Hypertension in Adults Circ 2004;109:2953,3081; HT 2003;42:1206; Lancet 2003;362:1527; NIH Publications 03-5233, 98-4080 Cause: 15-18% of adults in the U.S. are hypertensive. Essential HT represents 90-94% of…
Myocarditis, Pericardial Disease, and Cardiac Tumors 10.1 Acute Pericarditis Nejm 2004;351;2195; Lancet 2004;363:717; Jama 2003;289:1150 Cause: Multiple; idiopathic most common in young adults, but causes include Infections: Coxsackie A or…
The Cardiomyopathies 9.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Nejm 1994;331:1564 Cause: Dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by dilatation and impaired contraction of LV or both ventricles; may be idiopathic, familial/genetic, viral, immune, alcoholic, or toxic…
Valvular Heart Disease 8.1 Aortic Valve Disease J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1486 Cause: AS: Congenital—unicuspid (severe stenosis in infancy), bicuspid (AS in adulthood; AI if infectious endocarditis develops), or tricuspid…
Arrhythmias 7.1 Supraventricular Arrhythmias Nejm 2004;338:1369; 2001;344:1067; J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42: 1493; Circ 2003;107:1096; 2002;106:649 Cause: Mechanisms include increased automaticity of ectopic atrial focus (APC), triggered activity associated with…
Congestive Heart Failure 6.1 Acute Pulmonary Edema Nejm 2003;348:20; Circ 2001;104:2996 Cause: Acute MI; mitral stenosis; rupture of chordae, papillary muscle, or intraventricular septum; myocarditis; LV diastolic dysfunction; hypoalbuminemia; infectious…
