Pathophysiology of Hypertension
Age category (years) 1988–1991 (%) 1999–2000 (%) 8–17 7.3a 9.7b 18–39 5.1 7.2 40–59 27 30.1 >60 57–9 65.4 From Refs. [2] and [3] aThese data were obtained from 1988…
Induction of Valvular Heart Disease by Pharmacological Interventions
5-HT2 subtype Distribution/function CNS Periphery Drug-induced hallucinogenic responses Liver, renal mesangium mitogenesis vasoactive (pulmonary/coronary vessels) Anxiety, behaviour, locomotion Adipocyte differentiation, platelet aggregation, enteric neurotransmitter Motor behaviour, anxiety, cerebrovascular tone Drug-induced…
Use of Mechanical Devices to Reduce Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation
Fig. 51.1 Left atrial appendage histology slide depicting thin wall between pectinate ridges. The LAA is a very thin-walled structure as depicted here; the tissue between the pectinate ridges is…
Cardiac Hypertrophy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Introduction and Management
Athlete’s heart Hypertensive heart disease Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Cardiac amyloidosis Mitochondrial myopathy Mucopolysaccharidosis Anderson-Fabry disease Onset age Adolescence/adulthood Adulthood Adolescence/adulthood Adulthood Early childhood/adolescence Early childhood/adolescence Adulthood Clinical presentation No typical…
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Polypill Concept
Risk factors OR PAR (%) Apo B/A1 3.2 49 Smoking 2.9 36 Psychological factors 2.7 33 Abdominal obesity 1.6 20 Hypertension 1.9 18 Diabetes mellitus 2.4 10 Fruits/vegetables 0.7 14…
Drug Adherence in Hypertension
Fig. 43.1 Illustration of the different components of drug adherence. Adherence to drug therapies includes several aspects following the prescription. It starts with the initiation of therapy (4–5 % of…
Atherosclerosis, Introduction and Pathophysiology
Fig. 25.1 Development of human coronary atherosclerosis. The two nonprogressive lesions are intimal thickening or intimal xanthoma (foam cell collections known as fatty streaks, AHA type II). Pathological intimal thickening…
Medical Management of Chronic Stable Angina
SL GTN TD GTN ISDN IS-5-MN (phasic release) Half-life 6–9 min 6–9 min 1–2 (4–5) ha 4–5 h Elimination Hepatic Hepatic Hepatic Hepatic Heart rate ↑ ↔ ↑ ↔ Vascular…
Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options
Fig. 55.1 Different etiologies of mitral regurgitation. Schematic illustration of a normal mitral valve closure, degenerative MR with mitral valve prolapse, degenerative MR caused by flail leaflet, and functional MR…
Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Fig. 50.1 Original ECG registrations from a patient in SR. Arrows indicate P waves. During normal sinus rhythm, P waves are upright in lead II and V2 and followed 1:1…
