Transesophageal Echocardiography Ravi Rasalingam Anupama Rao Common Indications Valvular endocarditis Cardiac source of embolism Mitral/aortic valve disease Prosthetic valve disease Aortic dissection/aneurysm Intracardiac masses Contraindications Oro-pharyngeal obstruction Esophageal obstruction, that…
Cardiac Manifestations of Systemic Illness Mohammed K. Saghir Thomas K. Kurian Daniel H. Cooper Amyloidosis Classifications Primary—most common, results from plasma cell dyscrasia and accumulated light chain protein. Cardiac involvement…
Congenital Heart Disease Thomas K. Kurian Mohammed K. Saghir Daniel H. Cooper In recognizing the complexity of this topic, this chapter is intended to give an introduction to congenital abnormalities…
Cardiac Masses Suzanne V. Arnold High-Yield Findings Thrombi usually occur in areas of low flow—for example, alongside an akinetic left ventricular (LV) wall Vegetations are typically on the low-pressure side…
Diseases of the Great Vessels: Aorta and Pulmonary Artery Anupama Rao High-Yield Findings: Aorta and Pulmonary Artery Aortic root measurements are made in a modified parasternal long-axis view at end-diastole….
Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade Michael Yeung High-Yield Findings Amount of pericardial fluid (large >2 cm) Right atrial systolic collapse (>1/3 systolic period) Right ventricular diastolic collapse Respiratory variation in…
Infective Endocarditis Mohammed K. Saghir Sudeshna Banerjee Daniel H. Cooper High-Yield Findings The clinical presentation should always be considered when interpreting the description of valvular and annular masses on echocardiography….
Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves Jose A. Madrazo High-Yield Concepts Whenever possible, know the type, size, and age of the prosthesis being evaluated. Serial echocardiographic evaluation of prosthetic valves should be…
Tricuspid Valve Disorders Daniel H. Cooper Thomas K. Kurian High-Yield Findings Severe tricuspid regurgitation Vena contracta width >0.7 cm RA area occupied by tricuspid regurgitation (TR) jet ≥40% Gross leaflet…
Pulmonic Valve Anupama Rao High-Yield Findings Pulmonic stenosis (PS) is usually found in conjunction with congenital heart disease PS may occur at the valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular levels Carcinoid disease…
