Venography
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Conventional venography, also known as phlebography, refers to radiographic imaging of the veins after direct injection of the contrast material. Before the advent of cross-sectional imaging…
Venous Diseases of the Central Nervous System
CEREBRAL VENOUS ANATOMY Print Section Listen The veins of the brain contain no valves, and the vessel wall is slim because of the absence of the muscular layer. The veins…
Lymphangiography
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen For decades, bipedal lymphangiography was the standard imaging test for nonsurgical assessment of the lymphatic system. At Stanford University (Stanford, CA), several thousands of lymphangiographies were…
Lymphatic Biology and Pathobiology
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Print Section Listen “The lymph vessels, so unimpressive when they were first pointed out to me in 1908 under the microscope—but, I was soon to discover,…
Nuclear Imaging of the Lymphatic System
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The lymphatic vasculature is an integral component of the circulatory and immune systems.1 It is composed of a network of vessels that interconnect the body’s interstitial…
History and Physical Examination
HISTORY Print Section Listen History Gathering Is Valuable Despite major advances in imaging technology, the history and physical examination remains the primary measure for assessing patients with peripheral vascular disease….
Venous Pathology
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The peripheral and internal venous system is a huge vascular bed responsible for returning both deoxygenated peripheral blood and detoxified internal blood by the liver back…
Venous Radionuclide Imaging
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Nuclear medicine provides several valuable tools for the assessment of the venous vasculature. Most clinicians are familiar with the lung ventilation/perfusion scan (V/Q) for diagnosis of…
Hypercoagulable States Associated with Malignancy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Malignancy, whether in the form of a solid tumor or hematologic neoplasm, constitutes a significant risk for hypercoagulability. Venous and arterial thromboembolic diseases are important causes…
Venous Anatomy and Physiology
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Along with an exponential increase in awareness of venous disease has come a concomitant increase in its evaluation and treatment. Innovation from new drugs and novel…
