Rheumatic Fever
Fig. 2.1 Pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). In susceptible individuals, ARF develops as a delayed, noninfectious consequence of prior streptococcal pharyngitis. The initial event is a febrile illness due…
Mitral Regurgitation
Fig. 7.1 Mitral valve anatomy . This diagram illustrates the valve and supporting structures. From Asgar et al. [1]. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Papillary muscle displacement results from global…
Disease in Pregnancy
Fig. 12.1 Physiological changes in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy. From: Ashrafi R, Curtis SL. Heart Disease and Pregnancy. Cardiol Ther. 2017 Dec;6(2):157–173. Open Access, Springer Healthcare Hemodynamic fluctuations are…
