Fig. 4.1 Occlutech® paravalvular leak device (PLD), manufactured by Occlutech Holding, Switzerland: illustrations of the technical characteristics of the square shaped and rectangular shaped in the two different disc connections…
Fig. 7.1 Aortic paravalvular leak located in the left coronary sinus. Fluoroscopic projection perpendicular to the plane of the prosthetic valve. Telescopic system with 6F AL1 guide catheter (above the…
Fig. 6.1 Windows on the left (a–c) demonstrate the process of identification of different cardiac structures by applying the designated color mesh on the standard anatomical planes (axial, sagittal, and…
Fig. 9.1 Hemodynamic assessment of a patient (a) with and (b) without PVL. (a) AR index patient A = (37 − 18)/111 × 100 = 17. (b) AR index patient B = (42 − 10)/105 × 100 = 30 Fig. 9.2 Overview of different hemodynamic…
Fig. 2.1 Mitral PVL assess using TTE (a) and TOE (b). It should be note that echocardiography artefacts, especially acoustic shadowing in mechanical prosthesis, may obscure the presence of PVL…
Fig. 8.1 The Amplatzer family of devices (1, Amplatzer vascular plug I; 2, vascular plug II; 3, vascular plug III; 4, vascular plug IV; 5, muscular VSD device; 6, Amplatzer…
Technique Benefit Zoom mode + CD acquisition of small volume of tissue containing PVL channel only Highest possible volume rate Single-beat acquisition only Avoidance of stitching artifacts Multiplanar presentation Measurements of CSA…
Fig. 11.1 TEE view of an elongated blood clot that formed on the transseptal needle 11.3 Complications of the Trans-apical Approach The left ventricular apex can be used for PVL closure….
Fig. 1.1 Panel (a): anatomical pitfalls during mitral valve surgery. Panel (b): section of the mitral valve complex, focusing on the structures which constitute the leaflet, the annulus, and the…
Fig. 3.1 Amplatzer devices. (a) Amplatzer septal occluder device, (b) Amplatzer duct occluder device, (c) Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder device, (d) Amplatzer vascular plug II device, (e) Amplatzer vascular plug…
