Diabetes Mellitus
BASAL insulin Longer-acting insulins (e.g., glargine, detemir, and NPH) which provide a constant supply of “background” insulin, regardless of meals. All patients with type 1 diabetes require this and many…
Introduction
Avoid recommendations on these subjects Type of anesthesia; invasive intraoperative monitoring such as pulmonary artery (PA) catheters or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) These decisions are best left to the anesthesiologist Per…
Hypertension
Beta-blockers Continue, and take on the morning of surgery ACE inhibitors Hold on the morning of surgery unless patient has poorly controlled HTN at baseline, e.g., SBP > 180 or DBP > 110 ARBs…
Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
Fig. 6.1 Perioperative Assessment for Coronary Artery Disease. Adapted with permission from [2] The type of surgery, expected blood loss, duration of anesthesia, and anticipated fluid shifts each contribute to…
Implantable Cardiac Electronic Devices
(1) Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Background Overview of Device-Related Complications Patients with pacemakers or internal cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are at risk for…
Valvular Heart Disease
Stage Aortic jet velocity (m/s) Mean gradient (mmHg) Valve area (cm2) Mild <3.0 <25 >1.5 Moderate 3.0–4.0 25–40 1.0–1.5 Severe >4.0 >40 <1.0 3 months of surgery for asymptomatic with…
