Perturbation Experiments

May 1, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Perturbation Experiments

(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA   KeywordsEmbryo heartFlow perturbationMicrospheresVitelline vein ligationCardiac morphogenesisPeripheral circulation On account of relative ease of accessibility, the early embryo circulation is…

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Rate Perturbations

May 1, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Rate Perturbations

(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA   KeywordsEmbryo heart rate perturbationsBlood’s motive energyHeart pacingSinus node cooling and heatingIntrinsic heart rateMatching of heart rate and output To…

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Interaction

May 1, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Interaction

(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA   KeywordsPressure–volume loopsEnd-systolic pressure–volume relationshipExternal myocardial workInternal myocardial workPreloadAfterloadVentricular oxygen consumptionOptimal working volume The complex equilibrium existing between the pressure…

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There a Circulation Without a Heart?

May 1, 2020 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on There a Circulation Without a Heart?

(1) Professor of Anesthesiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA   We see, then, that there may be a circulation without a heart, or contractile propulsive power; and as to…

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