18 Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography BASIC PRINCIPLES Indications Preoperative Diagnosis Hemodynamics Surgical Manipulation and Instrumentation Time Constraints ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH Views Sequence Reporting and Image Storage LIMITATIONS AND TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Image…
2 Normal Anatomy and Flow Patterns on Transthoracic Echocardiography BASIC IMAGING PRINCIPLES Tomographic Imaging Nomenclature of Standard Views Image Orientation Examination Technique Technical Quality Echocardiographic Image Interpretation TRANSTHORACIC TOMOGRAPHIC VIEWS…
9 Cardiomyopathies, Hypertensive and Pulmonary Heart Disease DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY Basic Principles Echocardiographic Approach Limitations and Technical Considerations Clinical Utility Alternate Approaches HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY Basic Principles Echocardiographic Approach Left Ventricular Asymmetric…
7 Ventricular Diastolic Filling and Function BASIC PRINCIPLES Phases of Diastole Parameters of Diastolic Function Ventricular Relaxation Ventricular Compliance Ventricular Diastolic Pressures Ventricular Diastolic Filling (Volume) Curves Atrial Pressures and…
16 Diseases of the Great Arteries BASIC PRINCIPLES ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH Transthoracic Approach Echocardiographic Imaging Doppler Flows Limitations of Transthoracic Imaging of the Aorta Transesophageal Approach Echocardiographic Imaging Doppler Flows AORTIC…
6 Left and Right Ventricular Systolic Function BASIC PRINCIPLES Cardiac Cycle Physiology of Systolic Function Ventricular Volumes and Geometry Cardiac Output Response to Exercise IMAGING THE LEFT VENTRICLE Qualitative Evaluation…
12 Valvular Regurgitation BASIC PRINCIPLES Etiology of Valvular Regurgitation Fluid Dynamics of Valvular Regurgitation Volume Overload Detection of Valvular Regurgitation Valvular Regurgitation in Normal Individuals APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION OF…
8 Coronary Artery Disease BASIC PRINCIPLES Coronary Artery Anatomy Evaluation of Left Ventricular Wall Motion Transthoracic Imaging Transesophageal Imaging Sequence of Events in Ischemia Evaluation of Global and Regional Ventricular…
1 Principles of Echocardiographic Image Acquisition and Doppler Analysis ULTRASOUND WAVES ULTRASOUND TISSUE INTERACTION Reflection Scattering Refraction Attenuation TRANSDUCERS Piezoelectric Crystal Types of Transducers Beam Shape and Focusing Resolution ULTRASOUND…
11 Valvular Stenosis BASIC PRINCIPLES Approach to the Evaluation of Valvular Stenosis Fluid Dynamics of Valvular Stenosis High-Velocity Jet Relationship Between Pressure Gradient and Velocity Distal Flow Disturbance Proximal Flow…
