Fig. 9.1 How the main types of EVs are formed. Microvesicles are released from the plasma membrane via a process of shedding or budding. Vesicles form within early endosomes by…
Fig. 5.1 Schematic representation of the transcriptional/translational feedback loop of the circadian core clock pathway in mammals. The central proteins BMAL1 and CLOCK form a heterodimer and bind E-box elements…
Fig. 6.1 The miRNA biogenesis pathway. In the nucleus, pri-miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as capped (m7G, 7-methylguanosine-cap) and polyadenylated transcripts. The pri-miRNA can consist of one pre-miRNA…
Fig. 10.1 Different delivery routes for cardiac cell delivery 10.2.1 Infusion Delivery The leading route of delivery in clinical trials (Campbell and Suzuki 2012; Sanganalmath and Bolli 2013) has been…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Rosalinda Madonna (ed.)Stem Cells and Cardiac RegenerationStem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine10.1007/978-3-319-25427-2_4 4. Tissue Specific Progenitors/Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration Rosalinda Madonna1 (1) Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences and…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Rosalinda Madonna (ed.)Stem Cells and Cardiac RegenerationStem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine10.1007/978-3-319-25427-2_3 3. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration Rosalinda Madonna1 , Peter Ferdinandy2, 3 and Rainer Schulz4 (1) Institute of Cardiology,…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Rosalinda Madonna (ed.)Stem Cells and Cardiac RegenerationStem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine10.1007/978-3-319-25427-2_1 1. Biology and Function of Stem Cells Rosalinda Madonna1 (1) Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences and Imaging…
Approach Comments References Growth factors Retinoic acid enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation in mouse ESCs Wobus et al. (1997) Exogenous glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and selenium enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation in mouse ESCs…
Fig. 8.1 Paracrine effect of stem cells thought to improve cardiac function after injury 8.5.1 Angiogenesis and Revascularization Angiogenesis is widely regarded as an attractive approach to treat ischemic heart…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Rosalinda Madonna (ed.)Stem Cells and Cardiac RegenerationStem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine10.1007/978-3-319-25427-2_11 11. Stem Cell Therapies for Cardiac Regeneration: Current Burden—Future Directions Rosalinda Madonna1 (1) Institute of Cardiology Department of…
