Thoracic Key

Fig. 2.1 Hospital discharges for heart failure in the United States (1979–2010). Trends in hospital discharges for heart failure in the United States (From the American Heart Association Heart Disease…

Fig. 11.1 (a, b) (EPSS normal, abnml). End point septal separation (EPSS) is the use of M-mode in the parasternal long cardiac window to evaluate the distance between the anterior…

Fig. 15.1 Management algorithm developed by Phillip Levy, MD, MPH, and Jalal Ghali, MD, for use at Detroit Receiving Hospital. ABG arterial blood gas, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, BUN blood…

Stage Description GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 1 Kidney damage with normal or ↑ GFR ≥90 2 Kidney damage with mild ↓ GFR 60–89 3 Moderate ↓ GFR 30–59 4 Severe ↓…

Finding  Summary LR (95 % CI) Sensitivity Specificity Positive Negative Initial clinical judgment 0.61 0.86 4.4 (1.8–10.0) 0.45 (0.28–0.73) History Heart failure 0.60 0.90 5.8 (4.1–8.0) 0.45 (0.38–0.53) Myocardial infarction…

Acute  Thromboembolic events, including stroke  Myocardial infarction  Cardiogenic shock  Acute renal failure  Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation  Syncope Subacute  Cognitive dysfunction  Diminished quality of life  Chronic renal failure  Peripheral edema  Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy Chronic…

, Sean Collins2 and Gregory J. Fermann3   (1) Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA (2) Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN 37235, USA…

  BNP NT-proBNP Components BNP molecule NT fragments (1–76) NT-proBNP (1–108) Molecular weight 4 kDa 8.5 kDa Genesis Cleavage from NT-proBNP Release from ventricular myocytes Half-life 20 min 120 min…

Class I Patients with cardiac disease but without resulting limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, or anginal pain. Class II Patients with…